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''Oryza sativa'', commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. ''Oryza sativa'' is a grass with a genome consisting of 430Mb across 12 chromosomes. It is renowned for being easy to genetically modify, and is a model organism for cereal biology. == Classification == ''Oryza sativa'' contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained ''japonica'' or ''sinica'' variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained ''indica'' variety. ''Japonica'' varieties are usually cultivated in dry fields, in temperate East Asia, upland areas of Southeast Asia, and high elevations in South Asia, while ''indica'' varieties are mainly lowland rices, grown mostly submerged, throughout tropical Asia. Rice occurs in a variety of colors, including: white, brown, black, purple, and red rices.〔Oka (1988)〕 Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types, some of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice. A third subspecies, which is broad-grained and thrives under tropical conditions, was identified based on morphology and initially called ''javanica'', but is now known as ''tropical japonica''. Examples of this variety include the medium-grain 'Tinawon' and 'Unoy' cultivars, which are grown in the high-elevation rice terraces of the Cordillera Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines.〔CECAP, PhilRice and IIRR. 2000. "Highland Rice Production in the Philippine Cordillera."〕 Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort ''O. sativa'' into six groups: ''japonica'', ''aromatic'', ''indica'', ''aus'', ''rayada'', and ''ashina''. Garris ''et al.'' (2004) used simple sequence repeats to sort ''O. sativa'' into five groups: ''temperate japonica'', ''tropical japonica'' and ''aromatic'' comprise the ''japonica'' varieties, while ''indica'' and ''aus'' comprise the ''indica'' varieties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oryza sativa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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